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,trans. Courtier and Commoner in Ancient China:Selections from the History of the Former Han by Pan ku. New York:Columbia University Press,1974.12-13;and Laufer,Bertold 1909 Chinese Pottery of the Han Dynasty. Leiden:E. J. Brill.149 ff.
[53] Tavernier,Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India,2nd ed.. Trans. V. Ball. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1925.I,312.
[54] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers,ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi:Munshiram Mansharlal,1978.I,234;Pelsaert,Francisco. Jahangir’s India:The Remontrantie of Francisco Pelsaert. Trans. W.H.Moreland and Pieter Geyl Reprint Delhi:Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli,1972.51;and Broecke van den Broecke,Pieter. A Contemporary Dutch Chronicle of Mughal India. Trans. and ed. Brij Narain and Sri Ram Sharma. Calcutta:Susil Gupta,1957.34,46,47,53 and 91.
[55] Gregory of Tours,438,and Lewis,W. H. 1957 The Splendid Age:Life in the France of Louis XIV. Garden City,N.Y.:Doubleday.52.
[56] PSRL Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Moscow:Iazyki russkoi kul’tury,1997-2000.I. 251;PVL Povest vremennykh let po lavrent’evskoi letopisi. 2nd ed. trans. and ed. D.S.Likhachev and V.P.Adrianovoi-Peretts. St.Petersburg:Nauka,1996.104,古俄语文本,242,现代俄语译本;and RPC Cross,Samuel Hazzard and Olgerd P.Sherbowitz-Wetzor,trans. and eds. The Russian Primary Chronicle,Laurentian Text. Cambridge,Mass.:Medieval Academy of America,1953.214。
[57] 欧麦尔(,亦作Omar,634~644年在位)是穆罕默德死后继承其统治阿拉伯半岛的四大哈里发之一。另外三位分别是阿布·伯克尔(Abu Bakr,632~634年在位)、奥斯曼(Osman,亦作Othman,644~656年在位)和阿里(Ali,656~661年在位)。
[58] Tabari,XIII,192.
[59] Kai ibn Iskandar. A Mirror for Princes:The Qabus Name. Trans. Reuben Levy. London:Cresset Press,1951.,83-84.
[60] Ḥāfīẓ-i Tanīsh Ḥâfīẓ-i Tanīsh Bukhārī. Sharaf nāmah-shāhī. Ed. and trans. M.A.Salakhetdina. Moscow:Nauka,1987-88.II,203b,波斯语文本,and 180,俄语译本;and Munshi,II,1081,1179,1215,and 1297。
[61] CC Scholtz,Bernhard Walter,trans. Carolingian Chronicles:Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1970.84,109,113,117,118,120,and 125;ASB Martin,Janet L.,trans. The Annals of St. Bertin. Manchester:Manchester University Press,1991.33,34,35,40,162,170,171,and 180;and Einhard. The Life of Charlemagne. Trans. Samuel E.Turner,Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1960.59.
[62] JS Jinshi. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1975.ch. 7,170,172,174,and 179,and ch. 8,183,186,188,191,197,and 200.
[63] Qāshānī,Abū al-Qasīm. Ta’rīkh-i Ūljaytū. Ed. M.Hambly,Tehran:B.T.N.K.,1969.73.
[64] Ye Longli. Qidan guoji. Shanghai:Guji chubanshe,1985.ch. 23,226.
[65] Peng Daya and Xu Ting. Heida shilue. In MGSL Wang Guowei. Menggu shiliao sizhang. Taibei:Zhenzhong shuju,1975.478;YS Yuanshih. Beijing:Zhonghua shuju,1978.ch. 2,37,and ch.3,47;and NC Zenkovsky,Serge A. and Betty Jean Zenkovsky,trans. The Nikonian Chronicle. Princeton,N.J.:Kingston and Darwin Press,1984-8
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