支出

ies，University of Michigan，1996.353。

[27] Torbert，Preston M. 1977 The Ch’ing Imperial Household Department：A Study of Its Principal Functions，1662-1746. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press.29，and Brunnert，H.S. and V.V.Hagelstrom 1912 Present Day Political Organization of China. Shanghai：Kellog and Walsh.16.

[28] 相关评论请参见Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.II，216。

[29] “shirvānshāh”也作“shīrwān shāh”或“sharwān shāh”，是9世纪中期至16世纪早期的希尔万统治者的称呼。

[30] EVTRP Morgan，E.Delmar and C.H.Coote，eds. Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia by Anthony Jenkinson and Other Englishmen.1886. Reprint New York：Burt Franklin，1963.I，134.

[31] ，278.

[32] CWT Yule，Sir Henry，ed. and trans. Cathay and the Way Thither，Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. 1866. Reprint Taibei：Ch’eng-wen Publishing，1966.II，235，and Purchas，Samuel. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas，his Pilgrimes. Reprint New York：AMS Press，1965.VIII，162.

[33] Bernier，François. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，375.

[34] SCBM Franke，Herbert，trans. “Chinese Texts on the Jurchen：A Trans lation of the Jurchen Monograph in the San-ch’ao pei-meng” Zentral-Asiatische Studien 9（1975）：128 and 147，and SOS O’Kane，John，trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.69-70.

[35] Khān，141，and Manucci，Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India，1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi：Oriental Books Reprint，1981.I，184.

[36] Ghirshman，Roman 1962 Persian Art：The Parthian and Sassanian Dynasties，249 B.C.-A.D. 651. New York：Golden Press.194-98，figs. 236-37，and Reed，Charles A. 1965 “Imperial Sassanian Hunting of Pig and Fallow-Deer，and Problems of the Survival of These Animals Today in Iran.” Postilla 92：1-14.

[37] Back，Michael 1978 Die Sassanidischen Staatsinschriften. Acta Iranica 18. Leiden：E.J.Brill.367，and Fryer，John. A New Account of East India and Persia，Being Nine Year’s Travels，1672-1681. Ed. William Crooke. 1909. Reprint Millwood，N.Y.：Kraus Reprint，1967. 3 vols.373.

[38] Kautilya Shamasastry，Rudrapatna，trans. Kautilya’s Arthaśāstra. Mysore：Mysore Publishing House，1967.43.

[39] Kangxi Jonathan D.Spence，trans. Emperor of China：Self Portrait of K’ang-hsi New York：Vintage，1975.22-23.

[40] Kangxi Jonathan D.Spence，trans. Emperor of China：Self Portrait of K’ang-hsi New York：Vintage，1975.9，and Bell，John. Journey from St. Petersburg to Pekin，1714-22. Edinburgh：Edinburgh University Press，1965.171.

[41] Parrot，Andre 1961 The Arts of Assyria. New York：Golden Press.65，fig.69.

[42] Bernier，François. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，378-80.

[43] PSRL Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Moscow：Iazyki russ