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Hazzard and Olgerd P.Sherbowitz-Wetzor,trans. and eds. The Russian Primary Chronicle,Laurentian Text. Cambridge,Mass.:Medieval Academy of America,1953.215。

[82] BDK Sümer,Faruk,Ahmet E.Uysal,and Warren S.Walker,trans. The Book of Dede Korkut:A Turkish Epic. Austin:University of Texas Press,1972.15,42 and 44,and Munshī,Iskander. History of Shah . Trans. Roger Savory. Boulder,Colo.:Westview Press,1978.I,41.

[83] el-Habashi 1992,131,134,and 144.

[84] ,43-44.

[85] Juansher Dzhuansher Dzhuansheriani,Zhizn Vakhtunga Gorgasala. Trans. G.V.Tsulaia. Tbilisi:Izdatel’stvo “Metsniereba,” 1986.83.

[86] al-Sarraf,Shihab 2004 “Mamlūk Furūsīyah Literature and Its Antecedents.” Mamlūk Studies Review 8,1:144-46.相关言论请参见Kai ibn Iskandar. A Mirror for Princes:The Qabus Name. Trans. Reuben Levy. London:Cresset Press,1951.,83;Broecke van den Broecke,Pieter. A Contemporary Dutch Chronicle of Mughal India. Trans. and ed. Brij Narain and Sri Ram Sharma. Calcutta:Susil Gupta,1957.13;and Manucci,Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India,1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Books Reprint,1981.324。

[87] Kangxi Jonathan D.Spence,trans. Emperor of China:Self Portrait of K’ang-hsi New York:Vintage,1975.9-10.

[88] 《吉尔伽美什史诗》是迄今最为古老的文学作品之一,被誉为“最早的英雄史诗”,主人公吉尔伽美什是传说中的苏美尔国王。

[89] ANE Pritchard,James B.,ed.,The Ancient Near East:An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.I,65.

[90] Justin Watson,John S.,trans. Justin,Cornelius Nepos and Eutropius. London:Bell and Sons,1910.XXXV.2.

[91] Mīrzā Mirza Haydar Dughlat. Tarikh-i Rashidi. Ed. W.M.Thackston.I,140,and Mīrzā Mirza Haydar Dughlat. Tarikh-i Rashidi. Ed. W.M.Thackston.II,112.

[92] Widengren,Geo 1969 Der Feudalismus im alten Iran. Cologne:Westdeutscher Verlag.86-87.

[93] BDK Sümer,Faruk,Ahmet E.Uysal,and Warren S.Walker,trans. The Book of Dede Korkut:A Turkish Epic. Austin:University of Texas Press,1972.15-16 and 77.

[94] Rashīd/K Rashīd al-Dīn. al-tavārīkh. Ed. Karīmī. Tehran:Eqbal,1959.I,282-83;Boyle,John A. 1968 A Mongol Hunting Ritual.” In Jagd 1968,pp.1-9;and Boyle,John A. 1969 “A Eurasian Hunting Ritual.” Folklore 80:12-16.

[95] Rashīd/K Rashīd al-Dīn. al-tavārīkh. Ed. Karīmī. Tehran:Eqbal,1959.846.关于神射手(mergen)一词,可参见Cleaves,Francis W. 1978 “The Mongolian Locution Aman Mergen in the Koryǒ sa.”Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 38:442 and 446-47;Doerfer,Gerhard 1963-75 Türkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen. I vols. Wiesbaden:Franz Steiner,496-98;Haenisch,Erich 1935 “Die Abteilung‘Jagd’im Fünfsprachigen Wörterspiegel.” Asia Major 10:83,entry no.101;and Rozycki,William 1994 Mongol Elements in Manchu. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series 157. Bloomington:Indiana University.158。

[96] PCR Godman,Peter. Poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance. Norman:University of Oklahoma Press,1985.257.

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