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he Mongols),” ed. and trans. Robert P.Blake and Richard N.Frye. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 12(1949):311;and Chardin,John. Travels in Persia,1673-77. 1927. Reprint New York:Dover,1988.83.
[78] Lassner,Jacob 1970 The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages:Text and Studies. Detroit:Wayne State University Press.89,and Zhao Rugua Chau Ju-kua. His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries,entitled Chu-fan-chi. Trans. Friedrich Hirth and W.W.Rockhill. Reprint Taibei:Literature House,1965.144.
[79] Manucci,Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India,1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Books Reprint,1981.I,21-22.
[80] Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London:Routledge,1938. Vol. Ⅰ.226,and CWT Yule,Sir Henry,ed. and trans. Cathay and the Way Thither,Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. 1866. Reprint Taibei:Ch’eng-wen Publishing,1966.II,239.参见Mandeville,Sir John. Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Trans. C.W.R.D. Moseley. New York:Penguin,1983.152。
[81] al-Ṣābi’,Hilāl. Rusūm Dār al-Khilāfah:The Rules and Regulations of the Court. Trans. Elie A.Salem. Beirut:American University of Beirut,1977.43-44.
[82] Roe,Sir Thomas. The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul,1615—1619. Ed. William Foster. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.I,198,and Manucci,Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India,1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi:Oriental Books Reprint,1981.II,121.
[83] Jourdain,John. The Journal of John Jourdain,1608-1617,Describing his Experiences in Arabia,India and the Malay Archipelago. Ed William Foster. Reprint Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1967.159-60.
[84] Hall,Basil. Travels in India,Ceylon and Borneo. Ed.H.G. Rawlinson. London:Routledge and Sons,1931.233-34.
[85] Bar Hebraeus. The Chronography of Gregory Abū’l Faraj,Trans. Ernest A.Wallis Budge. London:Oxford University Press,1932. Vol. Ⅰ.417.
[86] Chen Cheng Morris Rossabi,trans. “A Translation of Ch’en Ch’eng’s Hsi-yü Fan-kuo chih.” Ming Studies 17(1983):55-56.
[87] Tavernier,Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India,2nd ed.. Trans. V. Ball. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1925.I,66.
[88] ,III,23.
[89] Abū’l Faẓl,AA Abū’l Faẓl. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi:Atlantic Publishers,1979.III,445.
[90] Abū’l Faẓl,AA Abū’l Faẓl. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi:Atlantic Publishers,1979.I,123-24.
[91] HI Elliot,H.M.E. and John Dawson,trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians:The Muhammadan Period,1867. Reprint New York:AMS Press,1966.IV,20,36,and 80.
[92] Ovington,J. A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689. Ed. H.G.Rawlinson. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1929.136.
[93] Fryer,John. A New Account of East India and Persia,Being Nine Year’s Travels,1672-1681. Ed. Will
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