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：Oxford University Press，1925.II，185 and 205；Manucci，Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India，1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi：Oriental Books Reprint，1981.I，316，II，81-82 and 86-87，and III，462-63；and Manrique，Sebastian. Travels of Fray Sebastian Manrique，1629-1643. Trans. C.Eckford Luard. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.I，395 and 398-404.

[53] Manrique，Sebastian. Travels of Fray Sebastian Manrique，1629-1643. Trans. C.Eckford Luard. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.I，96-99，104，and 338-39.

[54] Fryer，John. A New Account of East India and Persia，Being Nine Year’s Travels，1672-1681. Ed. William Crooke. 1909. Reprint Millwood，N.Y.：Kraus Reprint，1967.III，5-6.也参见Don Juan of Persia. Don Juan of Persia，a Catholic，1500-1604. Trans. Guy Le Strange，London：Routledge，1926.50。

[55] 例如，可参见PME Casson，Lionel，trans. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1989.83；Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London：Routledge，1938. Vol. Ⅰ.268；EVTRP Morgan，E.Delmar and C.H.Coote，eds. Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia by Anthony Jenkinson and Other Englishmen.1886. Reprint New York：Burt Franklin，1963.II，224；and Tavernier，Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India，2nd ed.. Trans. V. Ball. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1925.II，224。

[56] Carré，Abbé. The Travels of Abbé Carré in India and the Near East，1672-1674. Trans. Lady Fawcett and Sir Charles Fawcett. 1947. Reprint Nendeln：Kraus Reprint，1967.I，72，and III，846，848，851，852，854，857，and 864.

[57] Schumpeter，Joseph A. 1951 Imperialism and Social Classes. New York：Augustus M. Kelley.179ff.

[58] Ahsan，Muhammad Manazir 1979 Social Life Under the Abbasids，786-902 AD. London：Longman.240-41.

[59] Aristotle，MTH Aristotle. On Marvelous Things Heard. In Aristotle，CWA，Ⅰ.27；Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1959.XV.26；and al-Balādhurī. The Origins of the Islamic State. Trans. Philip Hitti and F. C.Murgotten. New York：Columbia University Press，1916-24.I，278-79.

[60] 强盛繁荣的埃及古王国时期大约是从公元前2686～前2181年，包括第三到第六王朝。

[61] Decker，Wolfgang 1992 Sports and Games of Ancient Egypt. New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press.149-50.

[62] Twiti，William. The Art of Hunting，1327. Trans. Bror Danielsson. Stockholm：Almqvist & Wiksell，1977.37.27-28，and Colley 1992，172.

[63] SJ Sima Qian. Shiji. Beijing：Zhonghu shuju，1982.ch. 109，2872；SJH Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian：Han Dynasty. Rev. ed. Trans. Burton Watson，New York：Columbia University Press，1993.II，122；HS Ban Gu. Hanshu. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1990.ch. 54，2444；HS/W Watson，Burton，trans. Courtier and Commoner in Ancient China：Selections from the History of the Former Han by Pan ku. New York：Columbia University Press，1974.17；and Pliny. Natural History. Trans. H.Rockham and W.H.S. Jones. Loeb Class