室外的宫廷

241，俄语译本。

[40] 捺钵制度是辽代独特的政治制度，所谓的捺钵，就是汉语中行营、行在、行帐、营盘的意思，是一种政治活动的中心。辽代的皇帝保持着游牧民族的习俗，春夏秋冬四季会游猎在不同的地域，称为四时捺钵。

[41] LS Liaoshi. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1974.ch. 32，373-75；Wittfogel，Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng 1949 History of Chinese Society，Liao（907-1125）. Philadelphia：American Philosophical Society.131-34；Taskin，V. S. 1973 “Pokhodnye lageria kidan’skikh imperatov.” In G. D. Sukharchuk，ed.，Kitai：Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo. Moscow：Nauka，pp.101-15；and Haenisch，Erich 1935 “Die Abteilung‘Jagd’im Fünfsprachigen Wörterspiegel.” Asia Major 10：64-66.

[42] LS Liaoshi. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1974.ch. 58，1037-75，and Stein，Rolf 1940 “Leao-tche.” T’oung-pao 35：81-93.

[43] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978.ch. 3，p. 47，and B Ḥāfīẓ-i Abrū. Ẕayl al-tavārīkh-i Rashīdī. Ed. Khānbābā Bayānī. Salsatat-i instishārāt-i aṣār mīllī，88. Tehran，1971.118.

[44] Qāshānī，Abū al-Qasīm. Ta’rīkh-i Ūljaytū. Ed. M.Hambly，Tehran：B.T.N.K.，1969.31.

[45] PSRL Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Moscow：Iazyki russkoi kul’tury，1997-2000. I vols，to date.，247；PVL Povest vremennykh let po lavrent’evskoi letopisi. 2nd ed. trans. and ed. D.S.Likhachev and V.P.Adrianovoi-Peretts. St.Petersburg：Nauka，1996.102，古俄语文本，and 240，现代俄语译本；and RPC Cross，Samuel Hazzard and Olgerd P.Sherbowitz-Wetzor，trans. and eds. The Russian Primary Chronicle，Laurentian Text. Cambridge，Mass.：Medieval Academy of America，1953.211。

[46] Keightley，David N. 1978 Sources of Shang History：The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age China. Berkeley：University of California Press.181；Shaughnessy，Edward L. 1989 “Historical Geography and the Extent of the Earliest Chinese Kingdoms.” Asia Major 3rd ser. 11，2：1-22.ii；Fiskesjö，Magnus 2001 “Rising from Blood-Stained Fields：Royal Hunting and State Formation in Shang China.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 73：104-9；and Wittfogel，Karl A. 1940 “Meteorological Records from the Divination Inscriptions of Shang.” Geographical Review 30：126-28.

[47] 可参见He，Pingli 2003 Xunshou yu fengchan：fengjian zhengchi de wenhua guiji. Jinan：Qi Lu shushe.472-77，有他对这一问题广泛研究的总结。

[48] Vis. Wardrop，Oliver，trans. Visramiani：The Story of the Loves of Vis and Ramin. London：Royal Asiatic Society，1966.191 and 226.

[49] ，65，and GC Vivian，Katherine，trans. The Georgian Chronicle：The Period of Giorgi Lasha. Amsterdam：Adolf M.Hakkert，1991.27 and 101.

[50] Ibn Isfandiyār Browne，Edward G.，trans. An Abridged Translation of the History of Ṭabaristān. Leiden：E.J.Brill and London：Bernard Quaritch，1905.101，and CC Scholtz，Bernhard Walter，trans. Carolingian Chronicles：Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press，1970.170.

[51] Juvaynī/Q Juvaynï，. Ta’rīkh-i Jahāngushā. Ed. Mirzā Muḥammad Qazvīnī. E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series 26. London：Luzac，1912-37.I，174；Juvaynī/B Juvaynī，. The History of the World Conqueror. Trans. John A.Boyle. Cambridge，Ma