驯兽师的交换

贵族的大朝会，具有重要的政治意义。

[184] 见《元史·太宗本纪》：“诸人马不应绊于乞烈思内者，辄没与畜虎豹人。”

[185] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978，ch. 2，33.

[186] Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London：Routledge，1938. Vol. Ⅰ.，185 and 227-28.

[187] Rubruck Jackson，Peter，trans. and David Morgan，ed. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck. London：Hakluyt Society，1990，247，and MM Dawson，Christopher，ed. The Mongol Mission：Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the 13th and 14th Centuries. New York：Sheed and Ward，1955，202.

[188] CWT Yule，Sir Henry，ed. and trans. Cathay and the Way Thither，Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. 1866. Reprint Taibei：Ch’eng-wen Publishing，1966，III，89，and YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978，ch. 30，674，677，and 678.

[189] Abū’l Fidā，81.

[190] 穆罕默德·月即别汗即乌兹别克汗。

[191] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978，ch. 30，675.

[192] SMOIZO Tizengauzen，V.，trans. Sbornik materialov otnosiashchikhsia k istorii Zolotoi Ordy. Vol. Ⅰ，Izvlecheniia iz sochinenii arabskikh. St. Petersburg：Stroganov，1884，259，阿拉伯语文本，and 268，俄语译本。

[193] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978，ch. 22，505，and ch. 23，511，and Rockhill，W. W. 1914 “Notes on the Relations and Trade of China with the Eastern Archipelago and Coasts of the Indian Ocean in the Fourteenth Century.” T’oung-pao 15：427-28.

[194] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978，ch. 40，870，ch. 138，3328 and 3331，and ch. 139，3352.

[195] Baer，Eva 1967 The Suaire de St. Lazare.” Oriental Art，37，41，and 42，figs. 8 and 9.

[196] Albertus Magnus. On Animals：A Medieval Sum ma Zoologica，II，1226，1449，and 1530-31.

[197] Frederick Ⅱ of Hohenstaufen. The Art of Falconry，Being the De Arte Venandi cum Avibus. Trans. Casey A.Wood and F.Marjorie Fyfe. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press，1961，xlv and 5；KFB Heinisch，Klaus J，trans. Kaiser Friedrich Ⅱ in Briefen und Berichten seiner Zeit. Darmstadt：Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft，1968，270-71；and KF Heinisch，Klaus，F.，ed. and trans. Kaiser Friedrich Ⅱ：Sein Leben in zeitgenössischen Berichten. Munich：Winkler-Verlag，1969，52.

[198] Lockhart，Lawrence 1968 “The Relations Between Edward I and Edward Ⅱ of England and the Mongol Il-khāns of Persia.” Iran 6：27，and Paviot，Jacques 2000 “England and the Mongols.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3rd ser. 10：515-6.

[199] Friedmann，Herbert 1980 A Bestiary for Saint Jerome：Animal Symbolism in European Religious Art. Washington，D.C.：Smithsonian Institution Press，202-3.关于在伊斯兰艺术品中的猎豹形象，请参见Rice，David Talbot 1965 Islamic Art，New York：Praeger，90-91 and illus. 90，and Viré，François 1974 “La chasse au guépard d’après sources arabes et les oeuvres d’art musulman par Ahmad Abd ar-Raziq.” Arabica 21：87，其中包含了更多的例子。

[200] Klingender，F. D. 1971 Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages. Ed