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第二章 犯错与愚蠢之间

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e Origins of the First World War(New York:St. Martin’s,1991),63.

[18] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root,and Mar. 1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation”;Boston Herald,Oct. 9,1908.

[19] Kriegsarchiv,Vienna(KA),B/1503:4,Sarajevo,Oct. 19,1914,Theodor Zurunic,“Promemoria.”

[20] KA,B/232:11,Sarajevo,Feb. 23,1909,FML Appel to Ob. Brosch;British National Archives,Kew(BNA),FO 120/907,Vienna,Oct. 28,1913.

[21] Norman Stone,The Eastern Front 1914-1917(London:Penguin,1998[1975]),1.22;Williamson,Austria-Hungary and the Origins,44;Gunther E. Rothenberg,“The Austro-Hungarian Campaign Against Serbia in 1914,” Journal of Military History,Apr. 1989,128-129;Conrad,Infanteristische,4-5;SHAT,7N 1125,Vienna,July 1,1882,Capt. Blanche,Vienna,Jan. 1914,7N 846,2èmc Bureau,Paris,Mar. 29,1913,Cdt. Girard,“L’Armée Austro-Hongroise”;Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf,Aus Meiner Dienstzeit 1906-1918(Vienna:Rikola,1921-1923),1:39-40.

[22] KA,B/677:0-10,4(Auffenberg),Vienna,Jan. 1,1913,“Memorandum nach meiner Demission als Kriegsminister.”

[23] Stone,Eastern Front,123;Rothenberg,Army of Francis Joseph,111.

[24] KA,B/677:0-10(Auffenberg),Sarajevo,July 1910,“Geist und innere Verfassung der Armee 1910”;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan. 16 and Mar. 14,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Cartwright.

[25] Wawro,Warfare and Society,205-209;Lawrence Sondhaus,Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf:Architect of the Apocalypse(Boston:Humanities Press,2000),61-77.

[26] Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg,Briefe aus dem Felde 1914-18(Vienna:Schwarzenbergisches Administration,1953),17.

[27] Alfred Krauss,Die Ursachen unserer Niederlage:Erinnerungen und Urteile aus den Weltkrieg,3rd ed.(Munich,1923),96-99.

[28] Hötzendorf,Infanteristische,1-3,6,14,57-58,89-90;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan. 16 and Mar. 14,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Cartwright.

[29] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Pera,Jan. 12,1909,Rives to Root.

[30] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root.

[31] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Bucharest,Mar. 12 and 17,1909,Hutchinson to Bacon;Vienna,Apr. 3,1909,Francis to Knox;Budapest,Oct. 5,1908,translation of letter from Franz Joseph to Aerenthal.

[32] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Bucharest,Mar. 17,1909,Hutchinson to Bacon.

[33] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root;Boston Herald,Oct. 9,1908.

[34] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Paris,Mar. 26,1909,White to Knox;Vienna,Apr. 3,1909,Francis to Knox.

[35] Christopher Clark,The Sleepwalkers(New York:Harper,2013),85-87;McMeekin,Russian Origins,28-29,36;Rothenberg,Army of Francis Joseph,156;Winston S. Churchill,The World Crisis:The Eastern Front(London;Thornton Butter worth,1931),39-40.

[36] Churchill,World Crisis,28-29.

[37] KA,B/232:11,Sarajevo,Feb. 18,1909,GdI Appel to Col. Brosch.

[38] NARA,M 862,roll

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