第一章 罗洛与诺曼底

权力服务的基督教堂（第五章）。虽然在公元10至11世纪的过渡时期，诺曼底基本完全融入了当时的法兰克社会，但它除了和英格兰建立更紧密的联系之外（第六章），还和斯堪的纳维亚社会继续保持着某些联系。最后，在解读杜多的历史并讨论后世的历史学家对杜多作品的使用情况时，我们开始意识到一种关于何谓“诺曼人”的问题正在逐渐形成（第七章）。

注释

1 Dudo, History of the Normans, pp. 48-49.

2 S. Reynolds, Fiefs and Vassals: the Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted（Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994）, pp. 121, 126, 136-8, 140.For a concise summary of the debate surrounding whether Rollo’s actions on the Epte constituted an act of homage, see M. Hagger,‘Confrontation and Unification: Approaches to the Political History of Normandy, 911-1035’, History Compass 11 （2013）, pp. 429-42（pp. 435-6）.

3 S. Coviaux, ‘Baptême et conversion des chefs scandinaves du IXe au XIe siècle’, in Les fondations scandinaves en Occident et les débuts du duché de Normandie, ed. P. Bauduin （Caen: Publications du CRAHM, 2005）, pp. 67-80.

4 E. Searle, ‘Frankish Rivalries and Norse Warriors’, Anglo-Norman Studies 8 （1984）, pp. 198-213 and further developed in Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066 （Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988）. For historical opinion on Dudo see D. Bates,Normandy Before 1066 （London: Longman 1982）, pp. xii-xiii, though Bates and the profession as a whole have reconsidered Dudo in the light of Searle’s work. See also L. Shopkow, History and Community: Norman Historical Writing in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries （Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1997）, esp. pp. 68-79; E. Albu, The Normans in their Histories: Propaganda, Myth and Subversion（Woodbridge: Boydell, 2001）, Ch. 1.

5 Viking, Norsemen and Northmen are taken as terms of convenience in this book and are thus used as synonyms.

6 J. Dunbabin, France in the Making 843-1180 （Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985）, pp. 44-100.

7 The Annals of St-Bertin: Ninth-Century Historys, vol. 1, trans. J. L.Nelson （Manchester: Manchester University Press 1992）, s.a. 841, p. 50.

8 Annals of St-Bertin, trans. Nelson, s.a. 845 p. 60.

9 Ibid., s.a. 841, p. 51.

10 Normans in Europe, ed. van Houts, no. 5 （Norman annals）; Dudo, History of the Normans, p. 35.

11 Normans in Europe, ed. van Houts, no. 1 （905 grant to Ernustus）, no. 2 （906 concerning the transfer of the relics and community of Saint-Marcouf from the west of Normandy to Corbény）, no. 3 （918 grant to Saint-Germain）.

12 Normans in Europe, ed. van Houts, no. 3.

13 For discussion see Reynolds, Fiefs and Vassals, pp. 121, 126, 136-8, 140.

14 Flodoard, Historia Remenensis ecclesiae, ed. M. Stratmann, （Hannover: Hahn, 1998）, p. 407.

15 S. Coupland, ‘The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon England to 911’, The New Cambridge Medieval History,Ⅱ: c.700-c.900, ed. R. McKitterick（Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995）, pp. 190-201 （p. 197）.

16 The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, ed. and trans. S. Fanning and B. S.