狩猎史

Han.” In Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe，eds.，The Cambridge History of China，vol. 1，The Ch’in and Han. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，pp.620；Pelliot，Paul 1959-61 Notes on Marco Polo. 2 vols. Paris：Librairie Adrien-Massoneuve.328；and Gernet，Jacques 1962 Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press.137.

[33] Ripa，61-62 and Huc and Gabet，I，19-20.

[34] Clagett，Marshall 1992 Ancient Egyptian Science. Vol.1. Philadelphia：American Philosophical Society. Clark，Grahame 251.

[35] HS Ban Gu. Hanshu. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1990.ch. 24B，1180-81；HS/D，III，495-96；and QC，282.关于中国国内的皮草、河狸毛皮和水獭皮的活跃市场，请参见Song Yingxing，80 and PRDK Demidova，N.F. and V.S.Miasnikov，eds. Pervye russkie diplomaty v Kitae：“Rospis” I.Petlina i stateiny spisok F.J.Baikova. Moscow：Nauka，1966.133。

[36] Swadling，Pamela 1996 Plumes from Paradise：Trade Cycles in Outer Southeast Asia and Their Impact on New Guinea and Nearby Islands Until 1920. National Capital District：Papua New Guinea National Museum.49-70.

[37] Martin，Janet 1980 “Trade on the Volga：The Commercial Relations of Bulghar with Central Asia and Iran in the 11th and 12th Centuries.” International Journal of Turkish Studies 1，2：85-97.

[38] Clark，Stuart 1986 “The Annales Historians.” In Quentin Skinner，ed.，The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，pp.13-20.关于地中海地区象牙的早期贸易与获得途径，请参见Hayward，Lorna 1990 “The Origin of Raw Elephant Ivory in Late Bronze Age Greece.” Antiquity 64：103-9；and ARE，II，235。

[39] Laufer，Bertold 1913 “Arabic and Chinese Trade in Walrus and Narwhal Ivory.” T’oung-pao 14：315-64.

[40] SOS O’Kane，John，trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.150-51.可参见评论Rudra Deva. Śyainika Śātram：The Art of Hunting in Ancient India. Trans. M.M.Haraprasad Shastri. Delhi：Eastern Book Linkers，1982.86 （no.44）。

[41] Hamilton，James Russell 1955 Les Ouïghours à l’époque des cinq dynasties d’après les documents chinois. Paris：Imprimerie nationale，II，102 and SOS，152.

[42] 关于亚洲当代的野生动物交易与商业狩猎活动，请参见系列文章Knight，John 1999 “Wildlife Trade in Asia.” International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter 20，（November）：8-14。

[43] 有关综合对比皮草诱捕与贸易史的可能性，请参见Tracy，James 2001 “Iasak in Siberia vs. Competition Among Colonizers in Canada：A Note on Comparisons Between Fur Trades.” Russian History/Histoire Russe 28，1-4：403-09。

[44] Thompson，James Westfall and Edgar Nathaniel Johnson 1965 An Introduction to Medieval Europe，300-1500. New York：Norton.315-16.

[45] Altherr，Thomas and John F.Reiger 1995 “Academic Historians and Hunting：A Call for More and Better Scholarship.” Environmental History Review 19：39-56.

[46] Spuler，Bertold 1965 Die Goldene Horde：Die Mongolen in Russland. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden：Otto Harrassowitz.387；Spuler，Bertold 1985 Die Mongolen in Iran. 4th ed. Leiden：E. J. Brill.346-48