狩猎园的目的

of Paradise in Islamic Art. Hanover，N.H.：Hood Museum of Art，Dartmouth College，pp.15-23。

[110] Xenophon，Oec. Xenophon. Oeconomicus. Trans. E.C.Marchant. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1959.IV.4-5，8，12-14，and 20-25.此外还可参见Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1959.59。

[111] 有关这些概念的详细论述见Fauth，Wolfgang 1979 “Der königliche Gärtner und Jäger in Paradeisos：Beobachtungen zur Rolle des Herrschers in der vorderasiatischer Hortikultur.” Persica 8：1-53；Widengren，Geo 1951 “The King and the Tree of Life in Ancient Near Eastern Religion.” Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift 51：5-19；and Stronach，David 1990 “The Garden as a Political Statement：Some Case Studies from the Near East in the First Century B.C.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 4：171-80。

[112] Aelian. On the Characteristics of Animals. Trans. A.F.Scholfield. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1959.VII.1；Nylander，Carl 1970 Ionians in Pasargadae：Studies in Old Persian Architecture. Uppsala：Acta Universitatus Upsaliensis，1970.114-15；and Stronach，David 1990 “The Garden as a Political Statement：Some Case Studies from the Near East in the First Century B.C.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 4：107-12.

[113] LKA Strong，John S.，trans. The Legend of King Aśoka. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1983.208 and 210，and HHS Fan Ye. Hou Hanshu. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1973.ch. 4，175，and ch. 83，2765.

[114] Dandamaev，Muhammad A. and Vladimir G. Lukonin 1989 The Culture and Social Institutions of Ancient Iran. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.143-44.

[115] Carroll-Spillecke，Maureen 1992 “The Gardens of Greece from Homeric to Roman Times.” Journal of Garden History 12：91.

[116] Brockway，Lucile 1983 “Plant Imperialism，” History Today 33：31-36.

[117] Watson，Andrew M. 1983. Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World：The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques，700-1100. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.117-19；Subtelny，Maria Eva 1995 “Mīrak-i Ṣayyid Ghiyas and the Timurid Tradition of Landscape Architecture.” Studia Iranica 24：19-59；and Subtelny，Maria Eva 1997 “Agriculture and the Timurid Chahārbāgh：Evidence from a Medieval Persian Agricultural Manual.” In Attilio Petruccidi，ed.，Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires. Leiden：E. J. Brill，pp.110-28.关于中亚地区与印度之间交换活动的例子，请参见Bābur，Ẓahir al-Dīn. The Bābur-nāma in English. Trans. Annette Susannah Beveridge. London：Luzac，1969.686。

[118] ANE Pritchard，James B.，ed.，The Ancient Near East：An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1973.，II，101.

[119] Laufer，Bertold 1967 Sino-Iranica：Chinese Contributions to the History of Civilization in Ancient Iran. 1919. Reprint Taibei：Ch’eng-wen.262-63，and Ripa，Matteo. Memoirs of Father Ripa During Thirteen Years Residence at the Co