狩猎园的目的

er：Aris and Phillips.42-44.

[16] 阿克纳顿，古埃及第十八王朝法老。

[17] Wilkinson，Alix 1990 “Gardens in Ancient Egypt：Their Locations and Symbolism.” Journal of Garden History 10：204-5.

[18] AS Luckenbill，Daniel David，trans. The Annals of Sennacherib. Oriental Institute Publications 2. Chicago：University of Chicago Press，1924.113-14，viii，17-21；Oppenheim，A. Leo，ed. 1968 The Assyrian Dictionary. Chicago：Oriental Institute，vol. 1，pt.44；Oppenheim，A. Leo 1965 “On the Royal Gardens in Mesopotamia.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 24：333；and Soden，Wolfram von 1959 Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesaden：Harrassowitz.426.

[19] 可参见相关的讨论Tuplin，Christopher 1996 Achaemenid Studies. Historia Einzelschriften 99. Stuttgart：Franz Steiner.80-88。

[20] Taagepera，Rein 1978 “Size and Duration of Empires：The Systematics of Size.” Social Science Research 7：108-27，esp. 116，121-22，and 126.

[21] 柯伦的摩西（Moses Khorenats‘i，亦作Moses of Choren），5世纪亚美尼亚历史学家，据称著有《大亚美尼亚史》与《亚美尼亚的地理》。

[22] ，182-83.

[23] “Mount Masis”是亚美尼亚人对阿勒山（Mount Ararat）的一种别称。

[24] Buzand Garsoian，Nina G.，trans. The Epic Histories Attributed to Buzand. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1989.75 and 96.

[25] ，143；Quintus Curtius. History of Alexander. Trans. John C.Rolfe.VIII.i.19；and Arrian，Ana. Arrian. History of Alexander. In Arrian，HAI. IV.61.

[26] Ammianus Marcellinus. Trans. John C.Rolf. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1958.XXIV.4.2；Zosimus. Historia Nova. Trans. James T.Buchanan and Harold T.Davis. San Antonio：Trinity University Press，1967.III.23；and Klein，Walter 1914 Studien zu Ammianus Marcellinius. Klio，Beiheft XIII. Leipzig：Dietrich’sche Verlag.109-12.

[27] Theophanes. The Chronicle of Theophanes. Trans. Harry Turtledove. Philadelphia：University of Pennsylvania Press，1982.25 and 26.

[28] Schmidt，Erick F. 1940 Flights over Ancient Cities of Iran. Chicago：University of Chicago Press.80，pl.96.

[29] Christensen，Arthur 1944 L’Iran sous les Sassanides. 2nd ed.，rev. Copenhagen：Ijnar Munksgaard.469-72；Herzfeld，Ernst Emil 1988 Iran in the Ancient Near East. 1941. Reprint New York：Hacker Art Books.326-38；and Shepard，Dorothy G. 1983 “Sasanian Art.” In Yarshater 1983b，pp.1085-89.

[30] Shaked，Shaul 1986 “From Iran to Islam：On Some Symbols of Royalty.” Jerusalm Studies in Arabic and Islam 7：75-91.

[31] KB/V Viré，François. Le tracté de l’art de volerie（Kitab al-Bayzara）. Leiden：E.J.Brill，1967.10，and ，II，169.

[32] 哈伦·拉什德（Hārūn al-Rashīd，763～809），阿拉伯帝国哈里发，其统治时期阿拉伯帝国鼎盛一时，巴格达也成为辉煌的人类中心。

[33] Bar Hebraeus. The Chronography of Gregory Abū’l Faraj，Trans. Ernest A.Wallis Budge. London：Oxford University Press，1932. Vol. Ⅰ.118.

[34] Benjamin of Tudela. The Itinerary. Trans. Marcus Nathan Adler.96.

[35] Ibn Isfandiyār Browne，Edward G.，trans. An Abridged Translation of the History of Ṭabaristān.