猫科动物

an，vol. 2，The Median and Achaemenid Periods. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，pp.579-80.

[71] 《塔木德》（Talmud）是犹太教的第二部经典，意为“教导”，又称“口传托拉”，其权威性仅次于《圣经·旧约》。对犹太教而言，《圣经·旧约》是永恒的圣书，而《塔木德》则是犹太教徒生活中实用的经书。

[72] Stricker，B. H. 1963-64 “Vār∂ġna，the Falcon.” Indo-Iranian Journal 73：317.

[73] Möller，Detlef 1965 Studien zur mittelalterlichen arabischen Falkenerliteratur. Berlin：de Gruyter.105-6；Artsruni，Thomas. History of the House of the . Trans. Robert W.Thomson. Detroit：Wayne State University Press，1985.101；，138；，55；and ，73.

[74] Stetkevych，Jaroslav 1999 “The Hunt in Classical Arabic Poetry：From Mukhadram Qasīdah to Umayyad Ṭardiyyah.”Journal of Arabic Literature 30：121-23；Oddy，Andrew 1991 “Arab Imagery on Early Umayyad Coins in Syria and Palestine：Evidence for Falconry.” Numismatic Chronicle 151：59-66；，V，156；and al-Ṭabarī. The History of al-Ṭabarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.XXVI，117.

[75] Ahsan，Muhammad Manazir 1979 Social Life Under the Abbasids，786-902 AD. London：Longman.216-20，and al-Ṭabarī. The History of al-Ṭabarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.XXXIII，79-80.

[76] Cummins，John 1988 The Hound and the Hawk：The Art of Medieval Hunting. New York：St. Martin’s Press.190-94，and Albertus Albertus Magnus. On Animals：A Medieval Sum ma Zoologica. I，704.

[77] Usāmah Ibn Munqidh. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades：Memoirs of Usāmah Ibn Munqidh. Trans. Philip K.Hitti. Princeton University Press，1987.222-25.

[78] Viré，François 1977 “Essai de détermination des oiseaux-de-vol mentionnés dans les principaux manuscripts arabes médiévaux sur la fauconnerie.” Arabica 25：138-49.

[79] Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London：Routledge，1938. Vol. Ⅰ.228.

[80] Hex. Golden，Peter，ed. The King’s Dictionary：The Rasūlid Hexaglot，Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic，Persian，Turkic，Greek，Armenian and Mongol. Leiden：E.J.Brill，2000.227 （200H23）. 其他例子可参见Qazvīnī，NQ Qazvīnī，Ḥamd-Allāh Mustawfī. The Zoological Section of the Nuzhat al-Qulūb. Trans. J.Stephenson. London：Royal Asiatic Society，1928.111-12，波斯语文本，and 78-79，英语译本；and Ligeti，Louis 1965 “Le lexique mongol de Kirakos Gandzak.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae 18：286-87。

[81] Ḥusām Ḥusām al-Dawlah. Bāznāmah-i Naṣīrī：A Persian Treatise on 14，21，57-58，and 75-76.

[82] Frederick Ⅱ of Hohenstaufen. The Art of Falconry，Being the De Arte Venandi cum Avibus. Trans. Casey A.Wood and F.Marjorie Fyfe. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press，1961.128-35 and 350-51.

[83] Jameson，E.W. 1962 The Hawking of Japan：The History and Development of Japanese Falconry. Davis，Calif.：Privately printed.39-40.

[84] Allen，M.J.S. and G. R.Smith 1975 “Some Notes on Hunting Techniques and Practices in the Arabian Peninsula.” Arabian Stu