自然观念

The Natural History of Wild Cats. Ithaca，N.Y.：Comstock.230-33；and Caras，Roger 1996 A Perfect Harmony：The Intertwining Lives of Animals and Humans Throughout History. New York：Simon and Schuster.194-95.

[156] Hemmer，Helmut 1990 Domestication：The Decline of Environmental Appreciation. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.37，and Clutton-Brock，Juliet 1989 A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals. Austin：University of Texas Press.178-80.

[157] Jahāngīr. Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr. Trans. Alexander Rogers，ed. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Munshiram Mansharlal，1978.I，240.此外还可参见Divyabhanusinh 1987 “Record of Two Unique Observations of the Indian Cheetah in the Tuzuk-i Jahangiri.”Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84：273。

[158] Abūl Faẓl，AN Abū l Faẓl. Akbar Nama. Trans. Henry Beveridge. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1989.II，186-87，509，and 528.

[159] 尽管有些动物的引入措施获得成功，如澳大利亚野兔与加勒比地区的猫鼬，但是大多数动物都未能获得立足之地。请参见Russell，Emily W. B. 1997 People and the Land Through Time：Linking Ecology and History. New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press.99-103，and Bates，Marston 1956 “Man as an Agent in the Spread of Organisms.” In William L.Thomas，ed.，Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. Chicago：University of Chicago Press，pp.797-80。

[160] Clutton-Brock，Juliet 1984 “The Master of Game：The Animals and Rituals of Medieval Venery.” Biologist 31，3：167-71.

[161] Simon，J. M. Davis 1995 Defending the Land of the Jaguar：A History of Conservation in Mexico. Austin：University of Texas Press.31-32.

[162] Elvin，Mark 1993 “Three Thousand Years of Unsustainable Development：China’s Environment from Archaic Times to the Present.” East Asian History 6：16-21.

[163] Ruttan，Lore M. and Monica Borgerhoff Mulder 1999 “Are East African Pastoralists Truly Conservationists？” Current Anthropology 40：621-52，with invited commentary.621-52，附评述。

[164] 例如可参见，Mokyr，Joel 1990 The Levers of Riches：Technological Creativity and Economic Progress. Oxford：Oxford University Press.199-205。

[165] Elvin，Mark 1993 “Three Thousand Years of Unsustainable Development：China’s Environment from Archaic Times to the Present.” East Asian History 6：7-46，esp. 11.

[166] Tuan，Yi-fu 1968 “Discrepancies Between Environmental Attitude and Behavior：Examples from Europe and China.” Canadian Geographer 12，no.3：176-91.

[167] 参见Hughes，J. Donald 1989 “Mencius’Prescription for Ancient Chinese Environmental Problems.” Environmental Review 13，3-4：19。

[168] LKA Strong，John S.，trans. The Legend of King Aśoka. Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1983.221，and SOS O’Kane，John，trans. The Ship of Sulaiman. New York：Columbia University Press，1972.157.

[169] Hillel，Daniel 1991 Out of the Earth：Civilization and the Life of the Soil. Berkeley：University of California Press.105.

[170] Bowlus，Charles R. 1980 “Ecological Crises in Fourteenth Century Europ