驯兽师的交换

Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，90-91.

[133] GVNP Valk，S.N.ed. Gramoty Velikogo Novgoroda i Pskova. Moscow-Leningrad：Izdatel’stvo akademii nauk SSSR，1949，26，and Slovar 1975- Slovar russkogo iazyka XI-XVII vv. Moscow：Nauka，VIII vols. to date.，52.

[134] GVNP Valk，S.N.ed. Gramoty Velikogo Novgoroda i Pskova. Moscow-Leningrad：Izdatel’stvo akademii nauk SSSR，1949，142，and Sreznevskii，M. I. 1989 Materialy dlia slovaria drevnerusskogo iazyka. Vol. 3. Moscow：Kniga.，459.

[135] 这个词来自于古俄语的“pom’chishche”一词，意为“狩猎场”。请参见Fasmer，M. 1971 Etimologicheskii slovar russkogo iazyka. III vols. Moscow：Progress，324，and Slovar 1975-，XVII，38 and 41。

[136] 此术语源于突厥语，请参见Golden，Peter B. 1998-99 “The Nomadic Linguistic Impact on Pre-Činggisid Rus’and Georgia，” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 10：80-81，and Fasmer，M. 1971 Etimologicheskii slovar russkogo iazyka. I vols. Moscow：Progress，278。

[137] Dementieff，Georges 1945 “La fauconnerie en Russe：Esquisse historique.” L’oiseau et la revue française d’ornithologie 15：9-39，14ff.

[138] Herberstein Herberstein，Sigismund. Commentaries on Muscovite Affairs. Trans. Oswald P.Backus Ⅲ. Lawrence：Student Union Bookstore，University of Kansas，1956，96 and 149；Fletcher，Giles. Of the Russe Commonwealth. Ed. Richard Pipes and John V.A.Fine，Jr. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1966，11r；and Purchas，Samuel. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas，his Pilgrimes. Reprint New York：AMS Press，1965，XIII，253.

[139] Dementieff，Georges 1945 “La fauconnerie en Russe：Esquisse historique.” L’oiseau et la revue française d’ornithologie 15：27-29 and 34-35.

[140] Kliuchevskii，V. O. 1959 Terminologiia russkoi istorii. In his Sochineniia. Moscow：Izdatel’stvo sotsial’no-ekonomicheskii literatury，6：192-93，and Slovar 1975- Slovar russkogo iazyka XI-XVII vv. Moscow：Nauka，24 vols. to date，XXI，66-67.

[141] Fekhner，M. V. 1956 Torgovlia russkogo gosudarstva s stranami Vostoka v XVI veke. Moscow：Goskul’tprosvetizdat，62-63，and Slovar 1975- Slovar russkogo iazyka XI-XVII vv. Moscow：Nauka，24 vols. to date，VIII，51.

[142] 例如可参见Allen，W.E.D. 1961 “Trivia Historiae Ibericae，I.Gerfalcons for the King.” Bedi Karthlisa 36-37：104-10.

[143] Chenciner，Robert and Magomedkhan Magomedkhanov 1992 “Persian Exports to Russia from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century.” Iran 30：124.

[144] Rogozhin，N. M. 1994 Posol’skie knigi Rossii kontsa XV-nachala XVII vv. Moscow：Rossiiskaia akademii nauka，Institut rossiiskoi istorii，96，and Dementieff，Georges 1945 “La fauconnerie en Russe：Esquisse historique.” L’oiseau et la revue française d’ornithologie 15：29-32.

[145] 引文可参见Olearius，Adam. The Travels of Olearius in 17th Century Russia. Trans. Samuel H.Baron. Stanford，Calif.：Stanford University Press，1967. 326；Kaempfer，Engelbert. Am Hofe der persischen Grosskönigs，1684-1685. Trans. Walther Hinz. Tübingen and Basil：Erdm